vendor: Fix incorrect checksums + run 'go mod verify'

* command/show: add support for -json output for state

* command/jsonconfig: do not marshal empty count/for each expressions

* command/jsonstate: continue gracefully if the terraform version is somehow missing from state

Copy TF version to helper/schema provider

disco: Set transport early (during initialization)

Historically helper/schema did not support non-primitive map attributes
because they cannot be represented unambiguously in flatmap. When we
initially implemented CoreConfigSchema here we mapped that situation to
a nested block of mode NestingMap, even though that'd never worked until
now, assuming that it'd be harmless because providers wouldn't be using
it.

It turns out that some providers are, in fact, incorrectly populating
a TypeMap schema with Elem: &schema.Resource, apparently under the false
assumption that it would constrain the keys allowed in the map. In
practice, helper/schema has just been ignoring this and treating such
attributes as map of string. (#20076)

In order to preserve the behavior of these existing incorrectly-specified
attribute definitions, here we mimic the helper/schema behavior by
presenting as an attribute of type map(string).

These attributes have also been shown in some documentation as nested
blocks (with no equals sign), so that'll need to be fixed in user
configurations as they upgrade to Terraform 0.12. However, the existing
upgrade tool rules will take care of that as a natural consequence of the
name being indicated as an attribute in the schema, rather than as a block
type.

This fixes #20076.

In prior versions, we recommended using hash functions in conjunction with
the file function as an idiom for detecting changes to upstream blobs
without fetching and comparing the whole blob.

That approach relied on us being able to return raw binary data from
file(...). Since Terraform strings pass through intermediate
representations that are not binary-safe (e.g. the JSON state), there was
a risk of string corruption in prior versions which we have avoided for
0.12 by requiring that file(...) be used only with UTF-8 text files.

The specific case of returning a string and immediately passing it into
another function was not actually subject to that corruption risk, since
the HIL interpreter would just pass the string through verbatim, but this
is still now forbidden as a result of the stricter handling of file(...).

To avoid breaking these use-cases, here we introduce variants of the hash
functions a with "file" prefix that take a filename for a disk file to
hash rather than hashing the given string directly. The configuration
upgrade tool also now includes a rule to detect the documented idiom and
rewrite it into a single function call for one of these new functions.

This does cause a bit of function sprawl, but that seems preferable to
introducing more complex rules for when file(...) can and cannot read
binary files, making the behavior of these various functions easier to
understand in isolation.

These all follow the pattern of creating a hash and converting it to a
string using some encoding function, so we can write this implementation
only once and parameterize it with a hash factory function and an encoding
function.

This also includes a new test for the sha512 function, which was
previously missing a test and, it turns out, actually computing sha256
instead.

* command/jsonplan: sort resources by address
* command/show: extend test case to include resources with count
* command/json*: document resource ordering as consistent but undefined

This fixes some consistency problems with how number strings were parsed
in the msgpack decoder vs other situations.

This commit also includes an upgrade of HCL2 to use this new cty function,
though there's no change in behavior here since the new function is
functionally equivalent to what it replaced.

* terraform_version is now included in state
* provisioner "name" is now provisioner "type"

backend/remote: make sure we show the correct error

handle empty map values

verify that changes to defaults are detected

If there were no matching keys, and there was no diff at all, don't set
a zero count for the container. Normally Providers can't reliably detect
empty vs unset here, but there are some cases that worked.

* command/jsonplan: fix panic when filteredAfter is null
* command/jsonconfig: provider short name is required to properly look up resource schema

Since terraform-bundle is just a different frontend to Terraform's module
installer, it is subject to the same installation constraints as Terraform
itself.

Terraform 0.12 cannot install providers targeting Terraform 0.11 and
earlier, and so therefore terraform-bundle built with Terraform 0.12
cannot either. A build of terraform-bundle from the v0.11 line must be
used instead.

Without this change, the latest revisions of terraform-bundle would
install plugins for Terraform 0.12 to bundle along with Terraform 0.10 or
0.11, which will not work at runtime due to the plugin protocol mismatch.

Until now, terraform-bundle was incorrectly labelled with its own version
number even though in practice it has no version identity separate from
Terraform itself. Part of this change, then, is to make the
terraform-bundle version match the Terraform version it was built against,
though any prior builds will of course continue to refer to themselves
as 0.0.1.

If asked to create a bundle for a version of Terraform v0.12 or greater,
an error will be returned instructing the user to use a build from the
v0.11 branch or one of the v0.11.x tags in order to bundle those versions.

This also includes a small fix for a bug where the tool would not fail
properly when the requested Terraform version is not available for
installation, instead just producing a zip file with no "terraform"
executable inside at all. Now it will fail, allowing automated build
processes to detect it and not produce a broken archive for distribution.

Our new diff handling no longer requires stripping the empty diffs out,
and provider may be relying on some of the empty-value quirks in
helper/schema.

Missing prefix in map recount. This generally passes tests since the
actual count should already be there and be correct, then ethe extra key
is ignored by the shims.

* command/show: properly marshal attribute values to json

marshalAttributeValues in jsonstate and jsonplan packages was returning
a cty.Value, which json/encoding could not marshal. These functions now
convert those cty.Values into json.RawMessages.

* command/jsonplan: planned values should include resources that are not changing
* command/jsonplan: return a filtered list of proposed 'after' attributes

Previously, proposed 'after' attributes were not being shown if the
attributes were not WhollyKnown. jsonplan now iterates through all the
`after` attributes, omitting those which are not wholly known.

The same was roughly true for after_unknown, and that structure is now
correctly populated. In the future we may choose to filter the
after_unknown structure to _only_ display unknown attributes, instead of
all attributes.

* command/jsonconfig: use a unique key for providers so that aliased
providers don't get munged together

This now uses the same "provider" key from configs.Module, e.g.
`providername.provideralias`.

* command/jsonplan: unknownAsBool needs to iterate through objects that are not wholly known

* command/jsonplan: properly display actions as strings according to the RFC,
instead of a plans.Action string.

For example:
a plans.Action string DeleteThenCreate should be displayed as ["delete",
"create"]

Tests have been updated to reflect this.

* command/jsonplan: return "null" for unknown list items.

The length of a list could be meaningful on its own, so we will turn
unknowns into "null". The same is less likely true for maps and objects,
so we will continue to omit unknown values from those.

command/format: Add test to cover update of sensitive field

command/format: Fix nested (JSON) object formatting

Previously we would show two errors when there was a version constraint
error. But of course one is enough.

The SDK uses only the native int and float64 types internally for values
that are specified as being "number" in schema, so for SDK purposes only
a float64 level of precision is significant.

To avoid any weirdness introduced as we shim and un-shim numbers, we'll
reduce floating point numbers to float64 precision before comparing them
to try to mimic the result the SDK itself would've gotten from comparing
its own float64 versions of these values using the Go "==" operator.

New Diff.Apply method

Due to various inprecisions in the old SDK implementation, applying the
generated diff can potentially make changes to the data structure that
have no real effect, such as replacing an empty list with a null list or
vice-versa.

Although we can't totally eliminate such diff noise, here we attempt to
avoid it in situations where there are _only_ meaningless changes -- where
the prior state and planned state are equivalent -- by just echoing back
the prior state verbatim to ensure that Terraform will treat it as a noop
change.

If there _are_ some legitimate changes then the result may still contain
meaningless changes alongside it, but that is just a cosmetic problem for
the diff renderer, because the meaningless changes will be ignored
altogether during a subsequent apply anyway. The primary goal here is just
to ensure we can converge on a fixpoint when there are no explicit changes
in the configuration.

This is a first pass of an "approximately equal" function that tries to
mimic the reduced precision caused by the field reader abstraction in
helper/schema so that we can distinguish between meaningful changes to
the proposed new state and incidental ones that just result from the loss
of precision in the SDK implementation.

One terraform test was broken when the result became more correct.