This PR splits SecureVariable into SecureVariableDecrypted and
SecureVariableEncrypted in order to use the type system to help
verify that cleartext secret material is not committed to file.

* Make Encrypt function return KeyID
* Split SecureVariable
Co-authored-by: Tim Gross <tgross@hashicorp.com>

Split the flag options for the `secure-variables keyring` into their
own subcommands. The gossip keyring CLI will be similarly refactored
and the old version will be deprecated.

* Validation tests for secure variables form: duplicate path error

* Validation for dot in key name

* Defensive pattern on copy keyValues

* variable index header and deletion hook

* Some visual improvements to edit header and back button

* Mirage fixtures for variables

* Deletion flow test

* Account for disabled state of add-more button

* Transition destination changes after design chat

* Simplified parent folder path by adding to variable model

* Lint cleanup

* test update to reflect path redirect on delete

* No longer have to re-traverse to a deleted var folder after deletion, tests updated

In order to support implicit ACL policies for tasks to get their own
secrets, each task would need to have its own ACL token. This would
add extra raft overhead as well as new garbage collection jobs for
cleaning up task-specific ACL tokens. Instead, Nomad will create a
workload Identity Claim for each task.

An Identity Claim is a JSON Web Token (JWT) signed by the server’s
private key and attached to an Allocation at the time a plan is
applied. The encoded JWT can be submitted as the X-Nomad-Token header
to replace ACL token secret IDs for the RPCs that support identity
claims.

Whenever a key is is added to a server’s keyring, it will use the key
as the seed for a Ed25519 public-private private keypair. That keypair
will be used for signing the JWT and for verifying the JWT.

This implementation is a ruthlessly minimal approach to support the
secure variables feature. When a JWT is verified, the allocation ID
will be checked against the Nomad state store, and non-existent or
terminal allocation IDs will cause the validation to be rejected. This
is sufficient to support the secure variables feature at launch
without requiring implementation of a background process to renew
soon-to-expire tokens.

* Notify a user if they try to make a variable with an existing path

* Stylize error fade

* Bugfix: if you click the dupe link to a variable you havent previously loaded, you lack its keyvalues

* rename and typefix for duplicate path warning

* Disable path input when model is not new

* isDisabled tests for secure variables path

Co-authored-by: Charlie Voiselle <464492+angrycub@users.noreply.github.com>

Replication for the secure variables keyring. Because only key
metadata is stored in raft, we need to distribute key material
out-of-band from raft replication. A goroutine runs on each server and
watches for changes to the `RootKeyMeta`. When a new key is received,
attempt to fetch the key from the leader. If the leader doesn't have
the key (which may happen if a key is rotated right before a leader
transition), try to get the key from any peer.

* Recursive trie-building with variable paths

* tree structure applied to new path routes and a new util class

* Breadcrumbs for SV paths and prompt when nothing exists at a path

* Lint and test cleanup

* Pre-review cleanup

* lintfix

* Abstracted pathtree each-ins into a new component class

* Path tree component styles

* Types added and PR feedback addressed

* Path tree to variable paths

* Slightly simpler path QP mods

* More pr feedback handling

* Trim moved into a function on variable model

* Traversal and compaction tests for PathTree

* Trim Path tests

* Variable-paths component tests

* Lint fixup for tests

Inactive and unused keys older than a threshold will be periodically
garbage collected.

After internal design review, we decided to remove exposing algorithm
choice to the end-user for the initial release. We'll solve nonce
rotation by forcing rotations automatically on key GC (in a core job,
not included in this changeset). Default to AES-256 GCM for the
following criteria:

* faster implementation when hardware acceleration is available
* FIPS compliant
* implementation in pure go
* post-quantum resistance

Also fixed a bug in the decoding from keystore and switched to a 
harder-to-misuse encoding method.

The core jobs to garbage collect unused keys and perform full key
rotations will need to be able to query secure variables by key ID for
efficiency. Add an index to the state store and associated query
function and test.

When a server becomes leader, it will check if there are any keys in
the state store, and create one if there is not. The key metadata will
be replicated via raft to all followers, who will then get the key
material via key replication (not implemented in this changeset).

* variables.new initialized

* Hacky but savey

* Variable wildcard route and multiple creatable at a time

* multiple KVs per variable

* PR Prep cleanup and lintfix

* Delog

* Data mocking in mirage for variables

* Linting fixes

* Re-implement absent params

* Adapter and model tests

* Moves the path-as-id logic to a serializer instead of adapter

* Classic to serializer and lint cleanup

* Pluralized save button (#13140)

* Autofocus modifier and better Add More button UX (#13145)

* Secure Variables: show/hide functionality when adding new values (#13137)

* Flight Icons added and show hide functionality

* PR cleanup

* Linting cleanup

* Position of icon moved to the right of input

* PR feedback addressed

* Delete button and stylistic changes to show hide

* Hmm, eslint doesnt like jsdoc-usage as only reason for import

* More closely match the button styles and delete test

* Simplified new.js model

* Secure Variables: /variables/*path/edit route and functionality (#13170)

* Variable edit page init

* Significant change to where we house model methods

* Lintfix

* Edit a variable tests

* Remove redundant tests

* Asserts expected

* Mirage factory updated to reflect model state

* Secure Variables: State Store
* Secure Variables: FSM
* Secure Variables: RPC
* Secure Variables: HTTP API
Co-authored-by: Tim Gross <tgross@hashicorp.com>

This changeset implements the keystore serialization/deserialization:

* Adds a JSON serialization extension for the `RootKey` struct, along with a metadata stub. When we serialize RootKey to the on-disk keystore, we want to base64 encode the key material but also exclude any frequently-changing fields which are stored in raft.
* Implements methods for loading/saving keys to the keystore.
* Implements methods for restoring the whole keystore from disk.
* Wires it all up with the `Keyring` RPC handlers and fixes up any fallout on tests.

Implement the upsert, list, delete, and rotate RPC handlers for the
secure variables keyring. Operations on the keyring itself are still
stubbed out.

Implement the basic upsert, list, and delete operations for
`RootKeyMeta` needed by the Keyring RPCs.

This changeset also implements two convenience methods
`RootKeyMetaByID` and `GetActiveRootKeyMeta` which are useful for
testing but also will be needed to implement the rest of the RPCs.

* Route init

* Bones of a mirage-mocked secure variables policy

* Functinoing policy for list vars

* Delog and transition on route

* Basic guard test

* Page guard tests for secure variables

* Cleanup and unit tests for variables ability

* Linter cleanup

* Set expectations for test assertions

* PR feedback addressed

* Read label changed to View per suggestion

* Add SecureVariable mock
* Add SecureVariableStub
* Add SecureVariable Copy and Stub funcs

Implement the core SecureVariable and RootKey structs in memdb,
provide the minimal skeleton for FSM, and a dummy storage and keyring
RPC endpoint.

The changelog entry for #13340 indicated it was an improvement. But on
discussion, it was determined that this was a workaround for a
regression. Update the changelog to make this clear.

In addition to jobs, there are other objects in Nomad that have a
specific format and can be provided to commands and API endpoints.

This commit creates a new menu section to hold the specification for
volumes and update the command pages to point to the new centralized
definition.

Redirecting the previous entries is not possible with `redirect.js`
because they are done server-side and URL fragments are not accessible
to detect a match. So we provide hidden anchors with a link to the new
page to guide users towards the new documentation.
Co-authored-by: Tim Gross <tgross@hashicorp.com>

These flags were not being used because GNUmakefile overwrites them with
another value. We also don't want to set `-s -w` since they remove
information that is important for production debug.

In other projects this variable is used to override the default `-dev`
prerelease that is set even if `VersionPrerelease` is empty, but in
Nomad this check is never actually done because this conditional in
`version/version.go` is always false:

```go
func GetVersion() *VersionInfo {
  // ...
  rel := VersionPrerelease
  // ...
  if GitDescribe == "" && rel == "" && VersionPrerelease != "" {
    rel = "dev"
  }
  // ...
}
```

This seems like some leftover from a previous release process, but I
decided the leave the code as is.

* website: fix redirects with fragments

Vercel redirects don't support fragments in relative destination paths,
so an absolute URL must be specified instead.

* website: fix Vercel redirect documentation link

Signed-off-by: Grant Griffiths <ggriffiths@purestorage.com>

* template: improve default language for max_stale and wait
Co-authored-by: Michael Schurter <mschurter@hashicorp.com>

build: rearrange go path order on windows

If PATH comes first, an older version of Go is used that cannot install
dependencies that use features of newer versions of Go, which we just
installed.

helpers: provide a few generic helper functions

This PR deprecates some functions in favor of generic alternatives.

The new functions are compatible only with Nomad v1.4+.

The old functions (nor their use) should not be removed until Nomad v1.6+.